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VS18: Vulnerable Road User Clustering

This service package supports the exchange of messages between surrounding equipped travelers (pedestrians, cyclists, etc.) using their personal information device or on equipped micromobility vehicles to support the platooning or clustering of the travelers. This short-range communications between MMVs operating as a group, platoon or 'strings' of VRUs can coordinate to establish a lead vehicle and following vehicles for better path trajectory prediction by other equipped vehicles.

Relevant Regions: Australia, Canada, European Union, and United States

Enterprise

Development Stage Roles and Relationships

Installation Stage Roles and Relationships

Operations and Maintenance Stage Roles and Relationships
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Source Destination Role/Relationship

Physical

The physical diagram can be viewed in SVG or PNG format and the current format is SVG.
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Includes Physical Objects:

Physical Object Class Description
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Vehicle The Micromobility Vehicle On-Board Equipment (MMV OBE) provides the vehicle-based sensory, processing, storage, and communications functions that support efficient, safe, and convenient travel. The MMV OBE includes general capabilities that apply to bicycles and other low-powered mobility devices such as e-scooters, powered wheelchairs, and power assisted bicycles. The MMV OBE includes the common interfaces and functions that could apply to any low-powered mobility device. The radio(s) supporting V2V and V2I communications are a key component of the MMV OBE. Both one-way and two-way communications options support a spectrum of information services from basic broadcast to advanced personalized information services. Advanced sensors, processors, and enhanced traveler interfaces (through PIDs), complement traveler information services so that, in addition to making informed mode and route selections, the vulnerable road user travels these routes in a safer and more consistent manner.
MMV User Personal The 'MMV User' represents the person that operates a micromobility vehicle (MMV). Included are cyclists and operators of other low-powered mobility devices such as e-scooters, powered wheelchairs, and power assisted bicycles where the interactions are not particular to the type of vehicle (e.g., interactions supporting vehicle safety applications). The MMV User participates in ITS services that support safe, shared use of the transportation network by motorized and non-motorized transportation modes. Representing those using non-motorized travel modes, and in particular bicyclists that sometimes share motor vehicle lanes, these MMV users provide input (e.g. a call signal requesting right of way at an intersection) and may be detected by ITS services to improve safety. The MMV User originates requests and receives information that reflects the interactions which might be useful to all users, regardless of vehicle type.
Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs Vehicle 'Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs' represents other connected low-powered mobility devices that are communicating with a host micromobility vehicle OBE. This includes all connected PIDs, personnel devices, and micromobility vehicles that supports communications among vulnerable road users (P2P). This object provides a source and destination for information transfers between connected vulnerable road users. The host micromobility vehicle OBE sends information to, and receives information from the micromobility vehicle OBE to model communications between connected micromobility vehicles in ARC-IT.
Other PIDs Personal 'Other PIDs' represents other personal information devices (PIDs) that are communicating with the device. This includes all connected personal information devices that support wireless short-range communications, including those used by pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable road users (VRUs). This object provides a source and destination for information transfers between connected personal devices. The host device, represented by the Personal Information Device physical object, sends information to, and receives information from the Other PIDs to model all connected personal-to-personal (P2P) communications in ARC-IT.
Pedestrian Personal The 'Pedestrian' represents a person traveling on foot. Pedestrians participate in ITS services that support safe, shared use of the transportation network. Included are visually impaired travelers who travel through portions of the transportation network and interact with ITS systems. They provide input (e.g. a call signal requesting right of way at an intersection) and may be detected by ITS services to improve safety
Personal Information Device Personal The 'Personal Information Device' provides the capability for travelers to receive formatted traveler information wherever they are. Capabilities include traveler information, trip planning, and route guidance. Frequently a smart phone, the Personal Information Device provides travelers with the capability to receive route planning and other personally focused transportation services from the infrastructure in the field, at home, at work, or while en-route. Personal Information Devices may operate independently or may be linked with vehicle on-board equipment. This subsystem also supports safety related services with the capability to broadcast safety messages and initiate a distress signal or request for help.
Transportation Information Center Center The 'Transportation Information Center' collects, processes, stores, and disseminates transportation information to system operators and the traveling public. The physical object can play several different roles in an integrated ITS. In one role, the TIC provides a data collection, fusing, and repackaging function, collecting information from transportation system operators and redistributing this information to other system operators in the region and other TICs. In this information redistribution role, the TIC provides a bridge between the various transportation systems that produce the information and the other TICs and their subscribers that use the information. The second role of a TIC is focused on delivery of traveler information to subscribers and the public at large. Information provided includes basic advisories, traffic and road conditions, transit schedule information, yellow pages information, ride matching information, and parking information. The TIC is commonly implemented as a website or a web-based application service, but it represents any traveler information distribution service.

Includes Functional Objects:

Functional Object Description Physical Object
MMV Cooperative Information 'MMV Cooperative Information' uses personal-to-vehicle (P2V) communications to share speeds and coordinate maneuvers with adjacent MMVs or VRUs on the same path (a 'string') so other connected devices recognize path predictions with other vulnerable road users in the string, thus improving safety. Micromobility Vehicle OBE
MMV Safety Communication 'MMV Safety Communication' exchanges the current location and motion information of the MMV with other connected devices in the vicinity, uses that information to calculate traveler and vehicles paths, and warns the traveler when the potential for an impending collision is detected. If available, map data is used to filter and interpret the relative location and motion of connected devices in the vicinity. Information from the infrastructure, e.g., a TIC or CVRE, can be used to detect non-equipped travelers. MMV location and motion broadcasts are also received by the infrastructure and used by the infrastructure to support a wide range of roadside safety and mobility applications Micromobility Vehicle OBE
Personal Cooperative Information 'Personal Cooperative Information' uses personal-to-vehicle (P2V) communications to share speeds and coordinate maneuvers with adjacent micromobility vehicles (MMVs) or other vulnerable road users (VRUs) equipped with their own personal information devices (PIDs) on the same path (a 'string') so other connected devices recognize path predictions with other VRUs in the string, thus improving safety. Personal Information Device
Personal Pedestrian Safety 'Personal Pedestrian Safety' improves pedestrian, cyclist, and other vulnerable road user safety by providing personal location information to the infrastructure that can be used to avoid collisions involving vulnerable road users. It may also alert the vulnerable road user of unsafe conditions, augmenting or extending information provided by signals and signs. The information provided and the user interface delivery mechanism (visual, audible, or haptic) can also be tailored to the needs of the user that is carrying or wearing the device that hosts the application. Personal Information Device
TIC Data Collection 'TIC Data Collection' collects transportation-related data from other centers, performs data quality checks on the collected data and then consolidates, verifies, and refines the data and makes it available in a consistent format to applications that support operational data sharing between centers and deliver traveler information to end-users. A broad range of data is collected including traffic and road conditions, transit data, emergency information and advisories, weather data, special event information, traveler services, parking, multimodal data, and toll/pricing data. It also shares data with other transportation information centers. Transportation Information Center

Includes Information Flows:

Information Flow Description

Goals and Objectives

Associated Planning Factors and Goals

Planning Factor Goal

Associated Objective Categories

Objective Category

Associated Objectives and Performance Measures

Objective Performance Measure

 
Since the mapping between objectives and service packages is not always straight-forward and often situation-dependent, these mappings should only be used as a starting point. Users should do their own analysis to identify the best service packages for their region.

Needs and Requirements

Need Functional Object Requirement

Related Sources

  • None


Security

In order to participate in this service package, each physical object should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Physical Object Security
Physical Object Confidentiality Integrity Availability Security Class
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Moderate High Moderate Class 3
Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs Low High Moderate Class 3
Other PIDs Low High Moderate Class 3
Personal Information Device Moderate High Moderate Class 3
Transportation Information Center Moderate Moderate Low Class 2



In order to participate in this service package, each information flow triple should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Information Flow Security
Source Destination Information Flow Confidentiality Integrity Availability
Basis Basis Basis
Micromobility Vehicle OBE MMV User personal updates Not Applicable Moderate Moderate
This data is informing the pedestrian about the safety of the intersections. It should not contain anything sensitive, and does not matter if another person can observe it. This is the information that is presented to the individual. If they receive incorrect information, they may act in an unsafe manner. However, there are other indicators that would alert them to any hazards, such as an oncoming vehicle or crossing safety lights. If this information is not made available to the pedestrian, then the system has not operated correctly.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs MMV profile Not Applicable Moderate Moderate
Information is partially observable, and is unlikely to compromise the vehicle user in any sense. Some level of assurance that the information is correct is necessary as the information may be used to grant access to limited-access pathways. Limited access pathways dedicated to particular types of MMVs should be generally available so as to ensure use of the asset.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs personal location Not Applicable High Moderate
This data is intentionally transmitted to everyone via a broadcast. It can also be determined via other visual indicators. An incorrect location message could lead to a false warning or lack of warning. A lack of warning can have obvious catastrophic consequences, while a false warning could lead to users ignoring warnings due to perceived inaccuracy. Given that this triple may apply to highly dynamic environments (such as work zones), its accuracy is paramount, and thus if sent, must have HIGH integrity. There are other visual indicators about the geofenced areas. PID users in dynamic environments (incident and work zones) should know when they are leaving a geofenced area. As long as they remain in the geofenced area, this information is not as necessary. Not all pedestrians will carry a personal information device, and the system should be able to operate without this information.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs VRU cluster information Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs VRU hazard event Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs VRU path prediction Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Personal Information Device device configuration coordination Low High Moderate
Unlikely that any personal or not observable information is included here. Misconfiguration could cause a malfunction or lead to undesireable vehicle behavior. Will only affect the one vehicle, but could be dangerous to the MMV operator. Service cannot operate without this flow, and there is no alternative integrated solution. Listed as 'MODERATE' and not 'HIGH' only because loss of these services would be inconvenient and disadvantageous, particulary to vulnerable road users, but not catastrophic.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Personal Information Device MMV profile Not Applicable Moderate Moderate
Information is partially observable, and is unlikely to compromise the vehicle user in any sense. Some level of assurance that the information is correct is necessary as the information may be used to grant access to limited-access pathways. Limited access pathways dedicated to particular types of MMVs should be generally available so as to ensure use of the asset.
Micromobility Vehicle OBE Transportation Information Center traveler sourced updates Moderate Moderate Low
This is likely to include the traveler location and may include traveler identity as well. This PII could be used by an attacker to the detriment of the traveler. Quality of social media inputs may be highly variable, but no publicly distributable data should be exchanged without some protection over its transmission. While a widespread and widely used dissemination channel, social media tends to be cluttered with lots of other information, so it is not a primary dissemination channel for this information.
MMV User Micromobility Vehicle OBE personal input Not Applicable Moderate Low
Personal input similar to pressing the button on a pedestrian call at a stop light, nothing that could not be otherwise observed. This data does have to be correct, so the signal receives the pedestrian call. Given that the pedestrian should still not enter the intersection without feedback, this could be considered LOW. There are generally other ways to accomplish this flow. Depending on the pedestrian this might be MODERATE, for example for pedestrians unable to easily access the call button.
Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs Micromobility Vehicle OBE MMV profile Not Applicable Moderate Moderate
Information is partially observable, and is unlikely to compromise the vehicle user in any sense. Some level of assurance that the information is correct is necessary as the information may be used to grant access to limited-access pathways. Limited access pathways dedicated to particular types of MMVs should be generally available so as to ensure use of the asset.
Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs Micromobility Vehicle OBE personal location Not Applicable High Moderate
This data is intentionally transmitted to everyone via a broadcast. It can also be determined via other visual indicators. An incorrect location message could lead to a false warning or lack of warning. A lack of warning can have obvious catastrophic consequences, while a false warning could lead to users ignoring warnings due to perceived inaccuracy. Given that this triple may apply to highly dynamic environments (such as work zones), its accuracy is paramount, and thus if sent, must have HIGH integrity. There are other visual indicators about the geofenced areas. PID users in dynamic environments (incident and work zones) should know when they are leaving a geofenced area. As long as they remain in the geofenced area, this information is not as necessary. Not all pedestrians will carry a personal information device, and the system should be able to operate without this information.
Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs Micromobility Vehicle OBE VRU cluster information Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs Micromobility Vehicle OBE VRU hazard event Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Other Micromobility Vehicle OBEs Micromobility Vehicle OBE VRU path prediction Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Other PIDs Personal Information Device personal location Not Applicable High Moderate
This data is intentionally transmitted to everyone via a broadcast. It can also be determined via other visual indicators. An incorrect location message could lead to a false warning or lack of warning. A lack of warning can have obvious catastrophic consequences, while a false warning could lead to users ignoring warnings due to perceived inaccuracy. Given that this triple may apply to highly dynamic environments (such as work zones), its accuracy is paramount, and thus if sent, must have HIGH integrity. There are other visual indicators about the geofenced areas. PID users in dynamic environments (incident and work zones) should know when they are leaving a geofenced area. As long as they remain in the geofenced area, this information is not as necessary. Not all pedestrians will carry a personal information device, and the system should be able to operate without this information.
Other PIDs Personal Information Device VRU cluster information Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Other PIDs Personal Information Device VRU hazard event Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Other PIDs Personal Information Device VRU path prediction Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Pedestrian Personal Information Device personal input Not Applicable Moderate Low
Personal input similar to pressing the button on a pedestrian call at a stop light, nothing that could not be otherwise observed. This data does have to be correct, so the signal receives the pedestrian call. Given that the pedestrian should still not enter the intersection without feedback, this could be considered LOW. There are generally other ways to accomplish this flow. Depending on the pedestrian this might be MODERATE, for example for pedestrians unable to easily access the call button.
Personal Information Device Micromobility Vehicle OBE device configuration coordination Low High Moderate
Unlikely that any personal or not observable information is included here. Misconfiguration could cause a malfunction or lead to undesireable vehicle behavior. Will only affect the one vehicle, but could be dangerous to the MMV operator. Service cannot operate without this flow, and there is no alternative integrated solution. Listed as 'MODERATE' and not 'HIGH' only because loss of these services would be inconvenient and disadvantageous, particulary to vulnerable road users, but not catastrophic.
Personal Information Device Other PIDs personal location Not Applicable High Moderate
This data is intentionally transmitted to everyone via a broadcast. It can also be determined via other visual indicators. An incorrect location message could lead to a false warning or lack of warning. A lack of warning can have obvious catastrophic consequences, while a false warning could lead to users ignoring warnings due to perceived inaccuracy. Given that this triple may apply to highly dynamic environments (such as work zones), its accuracy is paramount, and thus if sent, must have HIGH integrity. There are other visual indicators about the geofenced areas. PID users in dynamic environments (incident and work zones) should know when they are leaving a geofenced area. As long as they remain in the geofenced area, this information is not as necessary. Not all pedestrians will carry a personal information device, and the system should be able to operate without this information.
Personal Information Device Other PIDs VRU cluster information Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Personal Information Device Other PIDs VRU hazard event Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Personal Information Device Other PIDs VRU path prediction Low High Moderate
Information intentionally shared with surrounding users that might cooperate. Initial use cases suggest broadcast-mode communications, and no presumption of obfuscation. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians. MMV clustering applications need timeliness and protection of data to ensure that platooning-like operations happen without incident. Data integrity protections rated higher than availability because incorrect/modified data could lead to catastrophic consequences given the lack of protection that most MMVs offer, and the fact that they operate in close proximity to pedestrians.
Personal Information Device Pedestrian personal updates Not Applicable Moderate Moderate
This data is informing the pedestrian about the safety of the intersections. It should not contain anything sensitive, and does not matter if another person can observe it. This is the information that is presented to the individual. If they receive incorrect information, they may act in an unsafe manner. However, there are other indicators that would alert them to any hazards, such as an oncoming vehicle or crossing safety lights. If this information is not made available to the pedestrian, then the system has not operated correctly.
Personal Information Device Transportation Information Center traveler sourced updates Moderate Moderate Low
This is likely to include the traveler location and may include traveler identity as well. This PII could be used by an attacker to the detriment of the traveler. If this information is not correct the end user of the TIC will likely find othe avenues for obtaining this information. If this interface is not available the traveler will likely find other means to acquire the necessary information.

Standards

Currently, there are no standards associated with the physical objects in this service package. For standards related to interfaces, see the specific information flow triple pages.





System Requirements

No System Requirements